La fantasía de la industria del tabaco es una pesadilla para todos
La industria más mortal del mundo está reinventando su imagen para que creas que es tu amiga.123 La industria del tabaco quiere que se le ponga a cargo, recibir el crédito, y beneficiarse financieramente solucionando la causa número uno de muertes y enfermedades evitables:45 la epidemia del cigarrillo que ellos mismos crearon.6 Su peligrosa e hipócrita nueva imagen promete un «futuro mejor» y un «futuro sin humo» con productos de vapeo nocivos y adictivos mientras siguen vendiendo seis trillones de cigarrillos al año, incluidos los nuevos cigarrillos que lanzaron al mercado en California el año pasado.78910
Un mundo “sin humo” supuestamente: La industria del tabaco lanza nuevas marcas de cigarrillos en California
En 2022, cuando los californianos votaron para poner fin a la venta de la mayoría de los productos de tabaco con sabores,11 incluidos los cigarrillos mentolados, la industria del tabaco no estaba pensando en su nueva imagen «sin humo», estaba concentrada en obtener ganancias con nuevas marcas de cigarrillos para sustituir a los productos retirados de las estanterías.12 Estos nuevos cigarrillos se comercializan específicamente para los californianos a través de promociones en línea, mercadeo llamativo y grandes descuentos.1314 Todo esto proviene de la misma industria que afirma que los cigarrillos son cosa del pasado y que ahora quieren un «futuro mejor» para todos nosotros.1516
La innovación de la industria del tabaco solo busca ganancias, no salud
Esta innovación no invierte en la salud de las personas, sino en obtener ganancias. La industria del tabaco afirma que está impulsada por la innovación de productos pensando en el bien de todos, pero en realidad no le importa la salud, solo le importa las ganancias.1718 Ha ignorado convenientemente el creciente número de estudios que demuestran que vapear aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades graves como derrames cerebrales y que puede incrementar el riesgo de cáncer de pulmón y amplificar problemas de salud mental como la ansiedad y depresión.1920212279808182838485
Con el lento descenso en la demanda de cigarrillos durante las últimas dos décadas,2324 la industria del tabaco ha recurrido a startups o empresas emergentes de tecnología, a la compra o inversión en empresas o productos de vapes,25 a las compañías farmacéuticas26 y y a desarrollar la nueva generación de productos de tabaco2728 para diversificar su portafolio, mantener personas adictas y atraer a los jóvenes para convertirlos en clientes “de reemplazo”.29
Los productos de tabaco como los vapes son un camuflaje usado por la industria del tabaco para volver a normalizar el consumo de tabaco, que cada año mata a 8 millones de personas en el mundo.30 Si la industria del tabaco quisiera realmente que las personas dejaran de fumar y tuvieran un “futuro mejor”, dejaría de vender cigarrillos. En cambio, las investigaciones demuestran que muchas personas que utilizan vapes para dejar de fumar cigarrillos acaban consumiendo ambos productos, mientras que la industria del tabaco se llena los bolsillos y se enriquece cada día más.3132333435
La verdadera solución para eliminar los daños de La Industria del Tabaco
La verdadera solución para acabar con los daños de la industria del tabaco es ayudar a las personas adictas a que dejen de fumar y evitar que los niños empiecen a hacerlo. La industria del tabaco mata a 110 californianos cada día.73 Por cada muerte, 30 personas sufren enfermedades relacionadas con el tabaco.74 Es de suma importancia que aquellos que sufren adicción tengan acceso a métodos gratuitos y comprobados para dejar de fumar, incluyendo la atención médica. Utilizar tratamiento psicológico y medicación conjuntamente es la mejor opción para dejar de fumar para siempre.75
Los esfuerzos de California por aumentar y apoyar las iniciativas para dejar de fumar entre la población es el resultado de 30 años de estrategias científicamente demostradas. California ha sido pionera en innovaciones para respaldar con éxito las medidas para dejar de fumar, que han contribuido a reducir la prevalencia del tabaco.76 En la actualidad, California, el estado más poblado y diverso del país, tiene el segundo índice más bajo de fumadores adultos.77 Eliminar las barreras que impiden el acceso para dejar de fumar es una prioridad, ya que en el estado hay más de 3 millones de adultos que consumen tabaco, incluidos cigarrillos y vapes.78
- Food and Drug Administration. Health Effects of Tobacco Use. Published August 29, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/public-health-education/health-effects-tobacco-use
- World Health Organization. Tobacco EURO. www.who.int. https://www.who.int/europe/health-topics/tobacco#tab=tab_1. Accessed August 7, 2023.
- Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids. U.S. Racketeering Verdict: Big Tobacco Guilty as Charged. https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/what-we-do/industry-watch/doj. Accessed August 7, 2023.
- Philip Morris International. Delivering a smoke-free future. https://www.pmi.com/our-transformation/delivering-a-smoke-free-future. Published July 31, 2019. Accessed August 13, 2023.
- Shiffman S, Augustson EM. Introduction to the Special Issue on JUUL Use. Am J Health Behav. 2021;45(3):397-401. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.45.3.1.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014.
- British American Tobacco. A Better Tomorrow. https://www.bat.com/group/sites/UK__CRHJSY.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO52AD6X. Accessed August 29, 2023
- Foley KE, Bluth R. RJR uses California as test market for skirting upcoming national menthol cigarette ban. POLITICO. April 19, 2023. Accessed August 29, 2023
- Novotny TE, Slaughter E. Tobacco Product Waste: An Environmental Approach to Reduce Tobacco Consumption. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2014;1(3):208-216. doi:10.1007/s40572-014-0016-x
- Philip Morris International. Delivering a smoke-free future. https://www.pmi.com/our-transformation/delivering-a-smoke-free-future. Published July 31, 2019. Accessed August 13, 2023
- SB-793 Flavored tobacco products. legislature.ca.gov. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB793#:~:text=SB%20793%2C%20as%20amended%2C%20Hill,under%2021%20years%20of%20age. Accessed October 12, 2022
- Evans-Reeves K. Tobacco Companies target customers with menthol alternatives to circumvent upcoming California sales ban. Blog - Tobacco Control. April 2023. https://blogs.bmj.com/tc/2023/04/17/tobacco-companies-target-customers-with-menthol-alternatives-to-circumvent-upcoming-california-sales-ban/.
- Meza LR, Galimov A, Sussman S, Goniewicz ML, Page MK, Leventhal A. Proliferation of 'non-menthol' cigarettes amid a state-wide flavour ban. Tob Control. 2023:tc-2023-058074. doi: 10.1136/tc-2023-058074.
- The Marketing of Newly Introduced “Non-Menthol” Cigarettes in California Expressly Communicate to Consumers the Presence of a Characterizing Flavor. SRITA Research Paper. Jackler RK. March 1, 2023.
- British American Tobacco. A Better Tomorrow. https://www.bat.com/group/sites/UK__CRHJSY.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO52AD6X. Accessed August 29, 2023
- Philip Morris International. Delivering a smoke-free future. https://www.pmi.com/our-transformation/delivering-a-smoke-free-future. Published July 31, 2019. Accessed August 13, 2023
- Philip Morris International. Big and small businesses can solve big challenges together. Published January 21, 2020. https://www.pmi.com/our-initiatives/unsmoke-your-mind/big-and-small-businesses-can-solve-big-challenges-together. Accessed August 29, 2023.
- Phillip Morris International. Can innovative products like IQOS accelerate the decline of smoking? https://www.pmi.com/sustainability/case-studies-and-market-stories/can-innovative-products-like-iqos-accelerate-the-decline-of-smoking. Accessed August 29, 2023.
- Bracken-Clarke D, Kapoor D, Baird AM, et al. Vaping and lung cancer - A review of current data and recommendations. Lung Cancer. 2021;153:11-20. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.030
- Patel U, Patel N, Khurana M, et al. Effect Comparison of E-Cigarette and Traditional Smoking and Association with Stroke—A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES. Neurol In. 2022;14(2):441-452. doi:10.3390/neurolint14020037
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016.
- Picciotto MR, Brunzell DH, Caldarone BJ. Effect of nicotine and nicotinic receptors on anxiety and depression. Neuroreport. 2002;13(9):1097-1106. doi:10.1097/00001756-200207020-00006
- Nkosi L, Odani S, Agaku IT. 20-Year Trends in Tobacco Sales and Self-Reported Tobacco Use in the United States, 2000–2020. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:210435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd19.210435.
- Orzechowski and Walker. The Tax Burden on Tobacco: Historical Compilation, Volume 57, 2022.
- https://tobaccotactics.org/article/newer-nicotine-and-tobacco-products/#:~:text=Since%20the%20early%202000s%20transnational,)%2C%20snus%20and%20nicotine%20pouches
- Sy D. Tobacco industry's 'wellness' tactic: Ethical dilemma and solutions. Tob Prev Cessat. 2023;9:11. Published 2023 Apr 24. doi:10.18332/tpc/159119
- Tobacco Company Investments in Pharmaceutical & NRT Products, Tobacco Tactics, updated 30 August 2023, accessed 12 September 2023.
- Sy, D. Big Tobacco’s Investments in and Acquisitions of Pharmaceutical Companies. ExposeTobacco.org. February 2022. https://exposetobacco.org/wp-content/uploads/STOP-Pharma-Brief-3.15.22.pdf
- Burrows D. Strategic research report. Young adult smokers: strategies and opportunities, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, 1984. Bates No. 501431517. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ftc49d00
- The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global Burden of Disease. Washington, DC: IHME; 2019. Accessed September 2, 2023.
- Martínez Ú, Martínez-Loredo V, Simmons VN et al. How Does Smoking and Nicotine Dependence Change after Onset of Vaping? A Retrospective Analysis of Dual Users. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntz043.
- Nagel C, Hugueley B, Cui Y, Nunez DM, Kuo T, Kuo AA. Predictors of Dual E-Cigarette and Cigarette Use. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2022 May-Jun 01;28(3):243-247. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001491.
- Dewhirst T. Co-optation of harm reduction by Big Tobacco. Tob Control. 2021;30(e1):e1-e3. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056059.
- The Tobacco Atlas. Product Sales. https://tobaccoatlas.org/challenges/product-sales/. Accessed August 29, 2023.
- Ali FR, Seidenberg AB, Crane E, Seaman E, Tynan MA, Marynak K. E-cigarette Unit Sales by Product and Flavor Type, and Top-Selling Brands, United States, 2020–2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:672–677. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7225a1
- Brownell KD, Warner KE. The perils of ignoring history: Big Tobacco played dirty and millions died. How similar is Big Food? Milbank Q. 2009;87(1):259-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00555.x.
- Pisinger C, Godtfredsen N, Bender AM. A conflict of interest is strongly associated with tobacco industry–favourable results, indicating no harm of e-cigarettes. Prev Med. 2019;119:124-131. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.011
- Shiffman S, Augustson EM. Introduction to the Special Issue on JUUL Use. Am J Health Behav. 2021;45(3):397-401. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.45.3.1.
- Torjesen I. Academic journal is criticised for publishing special issue funded by tobacco industry. BMJ. 2021;373:n1247. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1247.
- Rueter, D. Juul spent more than $50,000 to have a medical journal run an entire issue of pro-vaping studies funded by the company. BusinessInsider. July 7, 2021. https://www.businessinsider.com/juul-spent-51k-to-have-medical-journal-run-vaping-studies-2021-7
- Torjesen I. Academic journal is criticised for publishing special issue funded by tobacco industry. BMJ. 2021;373:n1247. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1247.
- Gilchrist, M. Embracing Science for Better: If Not Now, When? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/paidpost/philip-morris-international/embracing-science-for-better-if-not-now-when.html?smid=em-share
- Calantzopoulos, A. We’re Delivering Better Choices. The New York Times ADVIERTISEMENT https://www.nytimes.com/paidpost/philip-morris-international/embracing-science-for-better-if-not-now-when.html
- Truth Initiative. How the tobacco industry uses sponsored content in major media outlets to shift public perception. May 16, 2022. https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/tobacco-industry-marketing/how-tobacco-industry-uses-sponsored-content-major#:~:text=Tobacco%20companies%20have%20used%20major,prohibiting%20tobacco%2Dsponsored%20content%2C%20according
- D’Angelo, C. Big Tobacco: Trust Us To Solve The Smoking Epidemic. Huffington Post. December 17, 2020. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/big-tobacco-philip-morris-smoking_n_5fd7ac10c5b62f31c1ff5b71
- McDaniel PA, Lown EA, Malone RE. US Media Coverage of Tobacco Industry Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives. J Community Health. 2018;43(1):117-127. doi:10.1007/s10900-017-0394-8
- Foundation for A Smoke-Free World. Our Vision. https://www.smokefreeworld.org/our-vision/ Last edited February 8, 2022. Accessed August 14, 2023.
- Legg T, Clift B, Gilmore AB. Document analysis of the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World’s scientific outputs and activities: a case study in contemporary tobacco industry agnogenesis. Tob Control. Published online May 3, 2023. doi:10.1136/tc-2022-057667
- Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. The Global Cigarette Industry. December 2021. https://assets.tobaccofreekids.org/global/pdfs/en/Global_Cigarette_Industry_pdf.pdf Accessed September 18, 2023.
- About the Influence Foundation. https://filtermag.org/about-the-influence-foundation/ Accessed September 18, 2023.
- About Filter. https://filtermag.org/about-filter/ Accessed September 18, 2023.
- Tobacco Tactics. The Influence Foundation. July 7, 2023. https://tobaccotactics.org/article/the-influence-foundation/.
- Truth Initiative. How the tobacco industry uses sponsored content in major media outlets to shift public perception. May 16, 2022. https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/tobacco-industry-marketing/how-tobacco-industry-uses-sponsored-content-major#:~:text=Tobacco%20companies%20have%20used%20major,prohibiting%20tobacco%2Dsponsored%20content%2C%20according
- El-Toukhy S, Baig SA, Jeong M, et al. Impact of modified risk tobacco product claims on beliefs of US adults and adolescents. TobControl. 2018;27:s62-s69.
- UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. AskCHIS 2021. Current e-cigarette use status. https://ask.chis.ucla.edu. Exported on March 17, 2023.
- Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Surgeon General’s Advisory on E-cigarette Use Among Youth. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/surgeon-general-advisory/index.html. Accessed August 29, 2023.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health 2016.
- Pierce JP, Chen R, Leas EC, White MM, Kealey S, Stone MD, Benmarhnia T, Trinidad DR, Strong DR, Messer K. Use of E-cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products and Progression to Daily Cigarette Smoking. Pediatrics. 2021;147(2):e2020025122. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-025122.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health Disparities Related to Commercial Tobacco and Advancing Health Equity. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/health-equity/index.htm. Accessed 03/01/2023.
- California Health Interview Survey. CHIS 2021 Adult Files. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research; October 2022.
- Prochaska JJ, Das S, Young-Wolff KC. Smoking, Mental Illness, and Public Health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2017;38:165-185. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044618.
- Bracken-Clarke D, Kapoor D, Baird AM, et al. Vaping and lung cancer - A review of current data and recommendations. Lung Cancer. 2021;153:11-20. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.030.
- Patel U, Patel N, Khurana M, et al. Effect Comparison of E-Cigarette and Traditional Smoking and Association with Stroke—A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES. Neurol In. 2022;14(2):441-452. doi:10.3390/neurolint14020037.
- Traboulsi H, Cherian M, Abou Rjeili M, Preteroti M, Bourbeau J, Smith BM, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 15;21(10):3495. doi: 10.3390/ijms21103495.
- Antwi GO, Rhodes DL. Association between E-cigarette use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-asthmatic adults in the USA. J Public Health (Oxf). 2022;44(1):158-164. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa229.
- Sharma A, Gupta I, Venkatesh U, Singh AK, Golamari R, Arya P. E-cigarettes and myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2023;371:65-70. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.007.
- Osei AD, Mirbolouk M, Orimoloye OA, et al. Association between e-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease among never and current combustible-cigarette smokers. Am J Med. 2019;132(8):949-954.e2. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.02.016
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Kids, Teens, and Young Adults. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-for-Kids-Teens-and-Young-Adults.html?s_cid=OSH_emg_GL0001. Accessed August 30, 2023.
- U.S. Surgeon General. Know the Risks. E-cigarettes and Young People. https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/knowtherisks.html. Accessed September 15, 2023.
- Benowitz NL. Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009;49:57-71. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742.
- U.S. Surgeon General. Know the Risks. E-cigarettes and Young People. e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov. https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/knowtherisks.html. Accessed September 15, 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Kids, Teens, and Young Adults. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-for-Kids-Teens-and-Young-Adults.html?s_cid=OSH_emg_GL0001. Accessed August 30, 2023.
- Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids. The toll of tobacco in California. https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/problem/toll-us/california Accessed August 12, 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diseases and Death. July 29, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/diseases-and-death.html. Accessed August 15, 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How to Quit. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/quit_smoking/how_to_quit/index.htm. Accessed August 29, 2023.
- California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Program. California Tobacco Facts and Figures 2022. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Public Health; May 2023.
- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021.
- California Health Interview Survey. CHIS 2020 and CHIS 2021 Adult Files. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research; October 2022.
- California Health Interview Survey. CHIS 2020 and CHIS 2021 Adult Files. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research; October 2022.
- Shehata SA, Toraih EA, Ismail EA, Hagras AM, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(18):4525. Published 2023 Sep 12. doi:10.3390/cancers15184525
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Eaton DL, Kwan LY, Stratton K, editors. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2018 Jan 23. 10, Cancers. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507174/
- Gotts JE, Jordt SE, McConnell R, Tarran R. What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes? BMJ. 2019;366:l5275. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l5275.
- Auschwitz E, Almeda J, Andl CD. Mechanisms of E-Cigarette Vape-Induced Epithelial Cell Damage. Cells. 2023;12(21):2552. doi: 10.3390/cells12212552.
- Tommasi S, Blumenfeld H, Besaratinia A. Vaping Dose, Device Type, and E-Liquid Flavor are Determinants of DNA Damage in Electronic Cigarette Users. Nicotine Tob Res. 2023;25(6):1145-1154. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntad003.
- Shields PG, Berman M, Brasky TM, et al. A Review of Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes in the Context of Smoking: A Focus on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(8):1175-1191. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0358.