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死亡與疾病

水煙揭秘

發佈於 Jul 6, 2022
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在加州，吸食水煙者主要是18歲至29歲的年輕人。1 在吸食水煙的年輕成年人中，西語裔/拉丁裔佔有最大比例(51.4%)。[2] 這表示吸食水煙已經不再僅限於中東人、印度人、亞美尼亞人和波斯人的文化及社交活動，而是普及成為商業化的活動。 

吸食水煙是極具吸引力的社交活動，因為是成群結伴地一起吸食，所以似乎較不危險。水煙餐廳顯而易見地一般位於大學校園附近，3,4 因此正是初嘗水煙的最常見場所，也是近60%就讀大學年齡水煙吸食者首次吸食的地方。5 水煙餐廳通常在社交媒體、網路及年輕成年人的報紙和雜誌上刊登廣告，以招徠年輕的成年人。6,7 

水煙的流行，部分原因是由於備有如蘋果、桃子、薄荷、草莓和可樂等各種口味，8 這些口味掩蓋了煙草的刺鼻味道，因而更容易吸食。許多吸水煙的人認為，水煙比其他類型的煙草危害較小以及較不易上癮。9 事實上，吸水煙管並不是吸煙的安全替代品 — 吸食水煙會提高食道癌、肺癌以及心臟病的風險。10 

水煙煙草中，含有與所有煙草相同的化學物質，包括尼古丁及致癌化學物質。許多吸食水煙的人認為有水「過濾 」煙草，會令吸食更加安全。但水只是冷卻煙草，反而會讓有毒煙霧更容易被吸入。此外，水煙的二手煙霧也含有已在香煙煙霧中發現的相同致癌化學物質。11 

參考資料
  1. California Health Interview Survey. CHIS 2019-20 Adult Public Use Files. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research; September 2021.
  2. California Health Interview Survey. CHIS 2019-20 Adult Public Use Files. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research; September 2021.
  3. Kassem NO, Jackson SR, Boman-Davis M, et al. Hookah Smoking and Facilitators/Barriers to Lounge Use amongStudents at a US University. Am J Health Behav. 2015;39(6):832-848. doi:10.5993/AJHB.39.6.11
  4. Sutfin EL, McCoy TP, Reboussin BA, Wagoner KG, Spangler J, Wolfson M. Prevalence and correlates of waterpipe tobacco smoking by college students in North Carolina. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2011;115(1-2):131-136.
  5. Kassem NO, Jackson SR, Boman-Davis M, et al. Hookah Smoking and Facilitators/Barriers to Lounge Use among Students at a US University. Am J Health Behav. 2015;39(6):832-848. doi:10.5993/AJHB.39.6.11
  6. Kassem NO, Jackson SR, Boman-Davis M, et al. Hookah Smoking and Facilitators/Barriers to Lounge Use among Students at a US University. Am J Health Behav. 2015;39(6):832-848. doi:10.5993/AJHB.39.6.11
  7. Sterling KL, Fryer CS, Majeed B, Duong MM. Promotion of waterpipe tobacco use, its variants and accessories in young adult newspapers: a content analysis of message portrayal. Health education research. 2015;30(1):152-161.
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hookahs. cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/tobacco_industry/hookahs/index.htm. Reviewed April 22, 2021. Accessed March 25, 2022.
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  9. Smith-Simone S, Maziak W, Ward KD, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior in two U.S. samples. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(2):393-398. doi:10.1080/14622200701825023
  10. Qasim H, Alarabi AB, Alzoubi KH, Karim ZA, Alshbool FZ, Khasawneh FT. The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system. Environ Health Prev Med. 2019;24(1):58. Published 2019 Sep 14. doi:10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y
  11. World Health Organization Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg). Advisory Note: Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Health Effects, Research Needs and Recommended Actions for Regulators, 2nd Edition. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2015.

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對於其他有害產品，加州已在保護大眾避免受到侵害，現在正是該以同樣標準對待煙草商的時候！
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